生物有机肥对马铃薯根际土壤生物活性 及根系活力的影响

针对大量化肥长期施用对马铃薯田土壤造成的生物活性降低等问题，利用根际益生菌（PGPR）制成生物有机肥，通过盆栽试验，研究了不施肥（对照，CK）以及分别施化肥（CF）、普通有机肥（OF）和5种生物有机肥（BOF1，BOF2，BOF3，BOF4和BOF5）对马铃薯根际土壤生物活性和根系活力的影响。结果表明，在马铃薯的成熟期，5种生物有机肥处理的可培养细菌数量平均比CF及OF高52%和37%，微生物量碳比CF和OF处理平均增加了30%，其中以BOF3效果最明显,比其它生物有机肥处理的可培养细菌数量和微生物量碳增加达3%～7%和2%～7%；且土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)，相比CF和OF，5种生物有机肥处理土壤酶活性的增幅为11%～114%；根系活力分别增加了265%和224%，块茎产量分别增加了16%和21%，根系活力和块茎产量的提高也以BOF3效果最明显，其根系活力比BOF5高出166%，其块茎产量比其它生物有机肥处理的增幅为5%～9%。说明生物有机肥有助于提高土壤的生物活性，改善马铃薯的根际环境，进而提高了马铃薯的根系活力，增加了马铃薯的块茎产量。     

玉米轴色突变体698-3R的遗传鉴定

以辐射诱变获得的玉米红轴突变体698-3R为材料,通过遗传交配设计分析轴色的遗传规律,利用SSR-BSA法初步定位轴色基因,并对候选基因进行克隆和表达分析。结果表明:(1)突变体698-3R的红轴对白轴性状表现为显性遗传,受一对核基因控制,初步定位在第一染色体上的SSR标记phi095与umc1452之间,与phi095相距3.9cM,与umc1452相距7.1cM,将该基因暂定名为C(t);(2)以轴色基因 P1的cDNA为模板克隆C(t),发现698-3R有3个C(t)转录本,而野生型698-3中至少有2个;预测氨基酸序列比对发现,698-3R中3个C(t)蛋白的氨基酸序列与已知P_1-wr蛋白一致,突变使其获得完整的MYB结构域和酸性激活域,而野生型698-3中698-3-P-1蛋白由于编码序列缺失导致移码突变,不具有该功能结构域;(3)对C(t)基因qRT-PCR分析发现,除25DAP外,其余4个时期在698-3R中表达水平均显著或极显著高于698-3;以 A1和 C2基因表达验证分析发现,C(t)与验证基因表达模式一致,说明C(t)可能具有 P1激活调控 A1和 C2基因表达的功能。推测该红轴基因C(t)可能为一个 P_1-wr基因。     

防风草在梅州地区的适应性栽培试验初报

防风草具有很好的医药治疗效果,全草含生物碱、黄酮甙、酚类等物质,具祛风除湿解毒之功效,主治感冒发热,腹痛呕吐,筋骨疼痛等。作为制药原材料发展种植前景广阔,而在梅州地区尚无防风草的栽培、开发与利用的相关报道。本试验以多种栽培模式进行适应性栽培,旨在研究梅州地区防风草的适应性情况,为梅州发展多种经济、充分利用丰富的山地资源、增加农民收入提供技术参考。     

北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚测度实证研究

以北京蔬菜专业村为研究对象,选取2012—2018年北京蔬菜专业村及蔬菜产业相关数据,运用区位商指数测算方法,从时间和空间两个层面对北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚度进行测算;运用集中度指数测算方法,从专业村主导产业总产值和从业农户数两方面对集聚度进行测算。结果显示,北京市蔬菜专业村出现了集聚现象,但存在不稳定上下波动的问题,顺义区、通州区和平谷区总体集聚程度较高,并保持稳定集聚状态,集聚区域主要集中在顺义区和房山区。研究建议完善蔬菜专业村基础设施建设,打造蔬菜专业村区域品牌效应,发挥蔬菜示范村辐射带动作用,推进专业镇、基地及园区建设。     

The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production: A case study on the effect of farm compost application

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are ‘stand-alone’ tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.     

Effects of Rice Variety and Growth Location in Cambodia on Grain Composition and Starch Structure简

The effects of variety and growth location on grain composition and starch structures were investigated using three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars (Phka Romduol, Sen Pidao and IR66) with different amylose contents. All the three cultivars were planted in three different agro-climatic zones (Phnom Penh, Coastal and Plateau) of Cambodia. The protein content of polished grains increased when rice was planted at a location with higher average temperature, but their lipid content decreased. The amylose content and degree of branching were not greatly affected by the minor temperature differences among the growing locations. Starch fine structures characterized by the chain-length distribution were significantly different among the cultivars, but not significantly among different locations. The results suggested that protein and lipid biosyntheses were more sensitive to the environmental temperature than that of starch in rice grains.     

沈阳铁西区装备制造产业聚集实证分析

铁西区通过打造装备制造业产业聚集区。形成了高档数控机床、通用石化装备等六大主导产业以及电气及新能源等五大千亿产业集群，成为我国老工业基地振兴的区域典范。介绍铁西装备制造业聚集区发展现状，采用区位熵法测算沈阳装备制造业的产业集中度，对全市装备制造业的现状及问题进行分析，得出相应结论。     

基于正交试验的花生种养结合栽培方式研究

种养结合是农业循环经济发展的重要措施之一。通过正交试验设计,分析了不同种植密度、复合肥用量、腐熟干粪用量对花生生长发育及产量的影响。分析结果表明:1)三因素中高钾复合肥用量对花生的生长发育及产量影响最大。2)13-10-20高钾复合肥用量为300kg/hm2的处理组合普遍表现出植株较高、分枝数较多、单株结果数多等特点。3)产量分析结果显示:最优处理组合为种植密度120 000穴/hm2、高钾复合肥300kg/hm2、腐熟干粪30kg/hm2,同时影响产量大小的因素顺序为:高钾复合肥腐熟干粪种植密度。     

大泡核桃与圆菠萝核桃在攀枝花的引种迁移适应性

【目的】长期适应性观测与引种的长期适应性研究对经济林大田推广工作至关重要。【方法】以引种的两个核桃品种(大泡核桃和圆菠萝核桃)为研究对象,通过13年的连续观测和调查,分析两个品种在不同海拔位置的生长量指标、核桃坚果表型性状和内含物等指标,研究他们的长期适应性。【结果】两个核桃品种在攀枝花地区两个试验点可正常进入盛果期,但营养生长和生殖生长的物候期与原栽培地有较大不同,表现出较强的花粉集体效应和EPP错失现象。大泡核桃的坚果品质与原产地无显著差异,粗脂肪含量略低于原产地,蛋白质含量略高于原产地。单果仁重和出仁率均比本地核桃“盐源早”显著升高,且壳厚比“盐源早”更薄,但三者产量基本持平。大泡的果形更加硕大,圆菠萝次之,“盐源早”最小。【结论】在攀枝花地区,大泡核桃的综合性状表现海拔1800m段优于2200m段,可以作为低海拔区域的丰产稳产推荐品种。而圆菠萝核桃的综合性状较原产地均低,在攀枝花地区表现为品质劣化的趋向。但引种的2种核桃,多个方面均表现出比本地“盐源早”更好的农艺性状,推广潜力较大。     

优质晚熟荔枝品种“井岗红糯”引种试验初报

“井岗红糯”是由国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系荔枝育种岗位选育,并于2009年通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名的优质晚熟荔枝新品种。2011年以高接换种方式引入广东省惠来县华湖镇美园村。“井岗红糯”在惠来地区引种4年的表现为：能适应当地气候条件;接穗和砧木能完全亲和;嫁接后枝条生长势旺盛;易成花坐果;成熟期在7月中旬,较当地糯米糍晚10天,较当地怀枝晚5-7天;成熟期果皮鲜红色,果实呈心形,果形指数1.10,焦核率90%,平均单果重28.18g,果皮厚度1.48mm,可食率77.35%,可溶性固形物含量（TSS）20.00,果实性状及品质优于原产地,初步判定引种成功。